布置JUnit环境
对于需要使用JUnit进行单元测试的maven项目,添加对JUnit相关jar包的依赖,打开这个project的pom.xml文件,引入以下dependency
junit junit 4.9 test
具体要引用哪个版本的JUnit,在version
节点配置,scope
节点配置一般情况是test,二般情况下也配置的是test,我们引用JUnit只是为了在测试阶段去使用,软件的运行其实是不需要依赖JUnit的,软件的打包部署发布,也不需要将JUnit相关的库带上。
maven-surefire-plugin
在surefire的眼中,它看到的JUnit只有三个版本,分别是
JUnit 3.8.x
JUnit 4.x (surefire提供串行执行的provider)
JUnit 4.7 (surefire提供支持并行执行的provider)
surefire使用哪种provider,要看项目中依赖的JUnit的项目,以及pom.xml中对surefire插件的配置,比如说是否配置了并行执行(parellel),选择的策略有以下伪代码演示:
if the JUnit version in the project >= 4.7 and the parallel attribute has ANY value use junit47 providerif JUnit >= 4.0 is present use junit4 providerelse use junit3.8.1
一般为了避免不必要的奇奇怪怪的麻烦,都直接指定surefire的provider,前提是要提前知道使用的JUnit版本
org.apache.maven.plugins maven-surefire-plugin 2.19.1 org.apache.maven.surefire surefire-junit47 2.19.1
进行测试
首先编写一个待测试的类
package io.beansoft.junit.practice;/** * * * @author beanlam * @date 2016年12月8日 下午4:19:19 * @version 1.0 * */public class Calculator { public int evaluate(String expression) { int sum = 0; for (String summand : expression.split("\\+")) sum += Integer.valueOf(summand); return sum; }}
然后在src/test/java下编写测试类
package io.beansoft.junit.practice;import org.junit.Assert;import org.junit.Test;/** * * * @author beanlam * @date 2016年12月9日 下午12:02:11 * @version 1.0 * */public class CalculatorTest { @Test public void evaluatesExpression() { Calculator calculator = new Calculator(); int sum = calculator.evaluate("1+2+3"); Assert.assertEquals(6, sum); }}
邮件点击项目,选择run as,选择maven test,运行结果如下所示
[INFO] Scanning for projects...[INFO] [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] Building junit-practice 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ junit-practice ---[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory E:\eclipse-neon\workspace\junit-practice\src\main\resources[INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ junit-practice ---[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date[INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ junit-practice ---[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory E:\eclipse-neon\workspace\junit-practice\src\test\resources[INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ junit-practice ---[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date[INFO] [INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.19.1:test (default-test) @ junit-practice ---------------------------------------------------------- T E S T S-------------------------------------------------------Running io.beansoft.junit.practice.CalculatorTestTests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.001 sec - in io.beansoft.junit.practice.CalculatorTestResults :Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] Total time: 2.066 s[INFO] Finished at: 2016-12-09T12:08:06+08:00[INFO] Final Memory: 10M/219M[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
可以看到测试案例通过